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Intelligence:
A Measure of Human Capital in Nations (July 2010)
Sorted Alphabetically
Gerhard Meisenberg, Ross University School of Medicine
Richard Lynn, University of Ulster, Coleraine
Abstract
We estimate the validity of the national IQs presented by Lynn and Vanhanen (2002, 2006) by examining whether they are consistent with the educational attainment of school students in math, science and reading comprehension in 108 countries and provinces. The educational attainment scores in a number of studies are integrated to give EAs (educational attainments) for 86 countries and provinces that have measured IQs. The correlation of EA with measured IQ (N = 86 countries) is .917, and with measured + estimated IQ (N = 108 countries) is .907. Corrected for attenuation, r = 1.0. The quality of the data is evaluated, and the discrepancy between IQ and EA was greater for countries with low data quality, especially low quality of the EA data. There are no major anomalies in the relationship between IQ and EA in individual world regions. To some extent IQ and EA predict each other even within world regions. These results show that national IQs have a high degree of validity.
Article from the journal Intelligence, Volume 36, Number 4, pg 447, Winter 2011
Download a PDF of the entire article here.
Appendix: National IQs calculated and validated for 108 nations (Alphabetical Sort)
Measures of human capital by country:
SchAch, school achievement on the 500/100 scale.
SA absolute, SchAch scaled to a mean of 100 and within-country standard deviation of 15 for the United Kingdom, assuming a within-country standard deviation of 90 for SchAch.
SA relative, SchAch scaled to the IQ metric by equalizing mean and standard deviation with IQ.
SAq and IQq, quality of data for school achievement and IQ.
Human capital is weighted average of SA relative and IQ. Estimates are in parentheses.
Measures of Human Capital by Country
Table Sorted Alphabetically
Table Sorted by Human Capital
Table Sorted by IQ
| SchAch | SA absolute | SA relative | SAq | IQ | IQq | Human Capital |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | (75.0) | ||||||
| Albania | 390.7 | 78.1 | 82.9 | 2 | 82.9 | ||
| Algeria | 389.9 | 78.0 | 82.8 | 2 | 82.8 | ||
| Andorra | (97.2) | ||||||
| Angola | (69.9) | ||||||
| Argentina | 400.6 | 79.8 | 84.1 | 4 | 96.0 | 9 | 92.3 |
| Armenia | 487.7 | 94.3 | 94.5 | 4 | 92.0 | 3 | 93.5 |
| Australia | 532.5 | 101.8 | 99.9 | 16 | 98.0 | 10 | 99.2 |
| Austria | 521.0 | 99.9 | 98.5 | 10 | 99.5 | 4 | 98.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 406.6 | 80.8 | 84.8 | 4 | 84.8 | ||
| Bahamas | (84.0) | ||||||
| Bahrain | 432.0 | 85.0 | 87.8 | 4 | 81.0 | 2 | 85.6 |
| Bangladesh | 81.0 | 4 | 81.0 | ||||
| Barbados | 80.0 | 2 | 80.0 | ||||
| Belarus | (95.1) | ||||||
| Belgium | 526.9 | 100.8 | 99.3 | 14 | 99.0 | 7 | 99.2 |
| Belize | 339.0 | 69.5 | 76.7 | 1 | 76.7 | ||
| Benin | 264.1 | 57.0 | 67.7 | 1 | 67.7 | ||
| Bermuda | 90.0 | 4 | 90.0 | ||||
| Bhutan | (84.2) | ||||||
| Bolivia | 87.0 | 6 | 87.0 | ||||
| Bosnia | 464.6 | 90.4 | 91.8 | 2 | 94.0 | 4 | 93.3 |
| Botswana | 369.7 | 74.6 | 80.4 | 4 | 72.15 | 2 | 77.2 |
| Brazil | 403.4 | 80.2 | 84.4 | 8 | 87.0 | 13 | 86.0 |
| Brunei | (88.9) | ||||||
| Bulgaria | 480.4 | 93.1 | 93.7 | 12 | 92.5 | 6 | 93.3 |
| Burkina Faso | 292.2 | 61.7 | 71.0 | 1 | 71.0 | ||
| Burundi | 325.7 | 67.3 | 75.1 | 1 | 75.1 | ||
| Cambodia | (92.0) | ||||||
| Cameroon | 339.4 | 69.6 | 76.7 | 1 | 64.0 | 2 | 68.2 |
| Canada | 538.0 | 102.7 | 100.6 | 16 | 100.0 | 6 | 100.4 |
| Cape Verde | (76.0) | ||||||
| Centr. Afr. R. | 64.0 | 5 | 64.0 | ||||
| Chad | 259.3 | 56.2 | 67.1 | 1 | 67.1 | ||
| Chile | 431.4 | 84.9 | 87.8 | 8 | 91.0 | 9 | 89.5 |
| China | 605.6 | 113.9 | 108.7 | 2 | 105.5 | 16 | 105.9 |
| Hong Kong | 559.3 | 106.2 | 103.1 | 14 | 108.0 | 16 | 105.7 |
| Macau | 532.5 | 101.8 | 99.9 | 6 | 99.9 | ||
| Tibet | 92.0 | 2 | 92.0 | ||||
| Colombia | 395.5 | 78.9 | 83.5 | 8 | 83.5 | 7 | 83.5 |
| Comoros | 288.3 | 61.1 | 70.6 | 1 | 70.6 | ||
| Congo (B.) | 288.0 | 61.0 | 70.5 | 1 | 73.0 | 7 | 72.7 |
| Congo (K.) | 68.0 | 8 | 68.0 | ||||
| Cook Islands | 89.0 | 2 | 89.0 | ||||
| Costa Rica | 444.9 | 87.2 | 89.4 | 1 | 86.0 | 89.4 | |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 230.9 | 51.5 | 63.7 | 1 | 71.0 | 2 | 68.6 |
| Croatia | 489.5 | 94.6 | 94.8 | 4 | 99.0 | 7 | 97.5 |
| Cuba | 500.1 | 96.4 | 96.0 | 1 | 85.0 | 5 | 86.8 |
| Cyprus | 462.8 | 90.2 | 91.5 | 8 | 91.5 | ||
| Czech Rep. | 526.8 | 100.8 | 99.2 | 14 | 98.0 | 7 | 98.8 |
| Denmark | 508.5 | 97.8 | 97.0 | 10 | 98.0 | 5 | 97.4 |
| Djibouti | (74.8) | ||||||
| Dominica | 73.0 | 5 | 73.0 | ||||
| Dominican R. | 315.4 | 65.6 | 73.8 | 1 | 82.0 | 6 | 80.8 |
| East Timor | (85.4) | ||||||
| Ecuador | 349.8 | 71.3 | 78.0 | 1 | 88.0 | 5 | 86.3 |
| Egypt | 407.0 | 80.8 | 84.8 | 4 | 81.0 | 5 | 82.7 |
| El Salvador | 357.7 | 72.6 | 78.9 | 2 | 78.9 | ||
| Equ. Guinea | (72.3) | ||||||
| Eritrea | 75.5 | 4 | 75.5 | ||||
| Estonia | 539.0 | 102.8 | 100.7 | 6 | 99.0 | 7 | 99.8 |
| Ethiopia | 68.5 | 8 | 68.5 | ||||
| Fiji | 85.0 | 3 | 85.0 | ||||
| Finland | 555.6 | 105.6 | 102.7 | 10 | 97.0 | 5 | 100.8 |
| France | 516.1 | 99.0 | 98.0 | 10 | 98.0 | 9 | 98.0 |
| Gabon | 338.8 | 69.5 | 76.6 | 1 | 76.6 | ||
| Gambia | 62.0 | 4 | 62.0 | ||||
| Georgia | 420.5 | 83.1 | 86.5 | 2 | 86.5 | ||
| Germany | 516.1 | 99.0 | 98.0 | 10 | 99.0 | 16 | 98.6 |
| Ghana | 293.1 | 61.9 | 71.1 | 4 | 70.0 | 6 | 70.5 |
| Greece | 484.7 | 93.8 | 94.2 | 10 | 92.0 | 10 | 93.1 |
| Guatemala | 340.2 | 69.7 | 76.8 | 1 | 79.0 | 3 | 78.5 |
| Guinea | 66.5 | 6 | 66.5 | ||||
| Guinea-Bissao | (66.5) | ||||||
| Guyana | (86.0) | ||||||
| Haiti | (70.0) | ||||||
| Honduras | 81.0 | 6 | 81.0 | ||||
| Hungary | 525.2 | 100.6 | 99.0 | 16 | 96.5 | 8 | 98.2 |
| Iceland | 511.2 | 98.2 | 97.4 | 10 | 101.0 | 4 | 98.4 |
| India | 434.1 | 85.4 | 88.1 | 2 | 82.0 | 19 | 82.6 |
| Indonesia | 408.9 | 81.2 | 85.1 | 12 | 87.0 | 8 | 85.8 |
| Iran | 433.3 | 85.2 | 88.0 | 8 | 83.5 | 9 | 85.6 |
| Iraq | 87.0 | 6 | 87.0 | ||||
| Ireland | 523.2 | 100.2 | 98.8 | 10 | 92.5 | 10 | 95.7 |
| Israel | 480.8 | 93.2 | 93.7 | 12 | 95.0 | 14 | 94.4 |
| Italy | 492.3 | 95.1 | 95.1 | 16 | 97.0 | 13 | 95.9 |
| Jamaica | 71.0 | 12 | 71.0 | ||||
| Japan | 558.7 | 106.1 | 103.1 | 16 | 105.0 | 20 | 104.1 |
| Jordan | 438.6 | 86.1 | 88.6 | 10 | 84.0 | 7 | 86.7 |
| Kazakhstan | 406.3 | 80.7 | 84.7 | 2 | 84.7 | ||
| Kenya | 371.5 | 74.9 | 80.6 | 2 | 74.0 | 11 | 75.0 |
| S. Korea | 567.4 | 107.6 | 104.1 | 16 | 106.0 | 9 | 104.8 |
| Kuwait | 387.8 | 77.7 | 82.5 | 4 | 86.5 | 9 | 85.3 |
| Kyrgyztan | 320.4 | 66.4 | 74.4 | 4 | 74.4 | ||
| Laos | 89.0 | 2 | 89.0 | ||||
| Latvia | 500.3 | 96.4 | 96.1 | 14 | 96.1 | ||
| Lebanon | 425.8 | 84.0 | 87.1 | 4 | 82.0 | 4 | 84.6 |
| Lesotho | 273.2 | 58.5 | 68.7 | 2 | 68.7 | ||
| Liberia | (66.4) | ||||||
| Libya | 84.6 | 8 | 84.6 | ||||
| Liechtenstein | 536.1 | 102.4 | 100.4 | 8 | 100.4 | ||
| Lithuania | 497.0 | 95.8 | 95.7 | 12 | 92.0 | 5 | 94.6 |
| Luxembourg | 494.0 | 95.4 | 95.3 | 8 | 95.3 | ||
| Macedonia | 453.7 | 88.6 | 90.5 | 4 | 90.5 | ||
| Madagascar | 322.3 | 66.7 | 74.7 | 2 | 82.0 | 2 | 78.3 |
| Malawi | 232.1 | 51.7 | 63.8 | 3 | 60.0 | 3 | 61.9 |
| Malaysia | 499.6 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 6 | 88.5 | 7 | 92.0 |
| Maldives | 81.0 | ||||||
| Mali | 270.8 | 58.2 | 68.5 | 1 | 69.5 | 8 | 69.4 |
| Malta | 477.7 | 92.6 | 93.3 | 2 | 97.0 | 2 | 95.2 |
| Mariana Isl. | 81.0 | 2 | 81.0 | ||||
| Marshall Isl. | 84.0 | 3 | 84.0 | ||||
| Mauritania | 74.1 | ||||||
| Mauritius | 388.1 | 77.7 | 82.6 | 3 | 89.0 | 5 | 86.6 |
| Mexico | 428.9 | 84.5 | 87.5 | 8 | 88.0 | 8 | 87.7 |
| Micronesia | (84.0) | ||||||
| Moldova | 470.8 | 91.5 | 92.5 | 4 | 92.5 | ||
| Mongolia | 100.0 | 6 | 100.0 | ||||
| Montenegro | 415.0 | 82.2 | 85.8 | 4 | 85.8 | ||
| Morocco | 367.6 | 74.3 | 80.1 | 6 | 84.0 | 9 | 82.4 |
| Mozambique | 322.9 | 66.8 | 74.7 | 3 | 64.0 | 2 | 70.4 |
| Myanmar | (86.7) | ||||||
| Namibia | 272.8 | 58.5 | 68.7 | 2 | 72.0 | 2 | 70.4 |
| Nepal | 78.0 | 4 | 78.0 | ||||
| Netherlands | 539.2 | 102.9 | 100.7 | 12 | 100.0 | 10 | 100.4 |
| Neth. Antilles | 87.0 | 2 | 87.0 | ||||
| New Caledonia | 85.0 | 2 | 85.0 | ||||
| New Zealand | 528.5 | 101.1 | 99.4 | 14 | 99.0 | 11 | 99.3 |
| Nicaragua | 357.2 | 72.5 | 78.8 | 1 | 78.8 | ||
| Niger | 209.2 | 47.9 | 61.1 | 1 | 61.2 | ||
| Nigeria | 348.8 | 71.1 | 77.8 | 4 | 71.0 | 6 | 73.7 |
| Norway | 505.0 | 97.2 | 96.6 | 14 | 100.0 | 2 | 97.0 |
| Oman | 402.1 | 80.0 | 84.2 | 2 | 84.5 | 7 | 84.4 |
| Pakistan | 84.0 | 4 | 84.0 | ||||
| Palestine | 394.0 | 78.7 | 83.3 | 4 | 86.0 | 4 | 84.6 |
| Panama | 371.0 | 74.9 | 80.5 | 2 | 80.5 | ||
| Papua NG | 486.6 | 94.1 | 94.4 | 1 | 82.5 | 4 | 84.9 |
| Paraguay | 357.0 | 72.51 | 78.8 | 1 | 84.0 | 6 | 83.3 |
| Peru | 370.7 | 74.8 | 80.5 | 2 | 85.0 | 9 | 84.2 |
| Philippines | 371.0 | 74.9 | 80.5 | 4 | 90.0 | 3 | 84.6 |
| Poland | 514.9 | 98.8 | 97.8 | 8 | 95.0 | 13 | 96.1 |
| Portugal | 487.0 | 94.2 | 94.5 | 10 | 94.5 | 6 | 94.5 |
| Puerto Rico | 83.5 | 8 | 83.5 | ||||
| Qatar | 342.8 | 70.1 | 77.1 | 6 | 83.0 | 6 | 80.1 |
| Romania | 455.6 | 89.0 | 90.7 | 12 | 91.0 | 6 | 90.8 |
| Russia | 503.9 | 97.0 | 96.5 | 16 | 96.5 | 6 | 96.5 |
| Rwanda | 76.0 | 2 | 76.0 | ||||
| St. Lucia | 62.0 | 2 | 62.0 | ||||
| St. Vincent | 71.0 | 2 | 71.0 | ||||
| W. Samoa | 88.0 | 5 | 88.0 | ||||
| Sao Tome & P. | (70.0) | ||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 369.0 | 74.5 | 80.3 | 4 | 79.0 | 6 | 79.5 |
| Senegal | 289.3 | 61.2 | 70.7 | 2 | 70.5 | 5 | 70.6 |
| Serbia & M. | 457.0 | 89.2 | 90.8 | 10 | 88.5 | 2 | 90.5 |
| Seychelles | 384.7 | 77.1 | 82.2 | 2 | 82.2 | ||
| Sierra Leone | 64.0 | 3 | 64.0 | ||||
| Singapore | 584.4 | 110.4 | 106.2 | 10 | 108.5 | 5 | 106.9 |
| Slovakia | 514.4 | 98.8 | 97.8 | 12 | 98.0 | 4 | 97.8 |
| Slovenia | 524.2 | 100.4 | 98.9 | 12 | 96.0 | 7 | 97.8 |
| Solomon Isl. | (84.9) | ||||||
| Somalia | (71.8) | ||||||
| S. Africa | 289.0 | 61.2 | 70.7 | 6 | 72.0 | 14 | 71.6 |
| Spain | 499.5 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 14 | 97.0 | 8 | 96.3 |
| Sri Lanka | 79.0 | 2 | 79.0 | ||||
| Sudan | 77.5 | 14 | 77.5 | ||||
| Suriname | 89.0 | 4 | 89.0 | ||||
| Swaziland | 370.9 | 74.8 | 80.5 | 3 | 80.5 | ||
| Sweden | 519.9 | 99.7 | 98.4 | 14 | 99.0 | 8 | 98.6 |
| Switzerland | 515.8 | 99.0 | 97.9 | 10 | 101.0 | 6 | 99.1 |
| Syria | 410.9 | 81.5 | 85.3 | 2 | 80.5 | 7 | 81.6 |
| Taiwan | 566.1 | 107.4 | 104.0 | 10 | 105.0 | 18 | 104.6 |
| Tajikistan | 79.6 | ||||||
| Tanzania | 358.7 | 72.8 | 79.0 | 2 | 72.5 | 8 | 73.8 |
| Zanzibar | 308.1 | 64.4 | 73.0 | 2 | 73.0 | ||
| Thailand | 459.0 | 89.5 | 91.1 | 12 | 88.0 | 6 | 90.1 |
| Togo | 69.1 | ||||||
| Tonga | 86.0 | 2 | 86.0 | ||||
| Trinidad & T. | 422.9 | 83.5 | 86.7 | 2 | 86.7 | ||
| Tunisia | 409.1 | 81.2 | 85.1 | 12 | 84.0 | 2 | 84.9 |
| Turkey | 446.2 | 87.4 | 89.5 | 10 | 88.5 | 8 | 89.1 |
| Turkmenistan | (79.6) | ||||||
| Uganda | 305.7 | 64.0 | 72.7 | 3 | 72.0 | 2 | 72.4 |
| Ukraine | 480.0 | 93.0 | 93.6 | 2 | 95.0 | 2 | 94.3 |
| Un. Arab Em. | 472.6 | 91.8 | 92.7 | 4 | 83.0 | 6 | 86.9 |
| United K. | 521.9 | 100.0 | 98.7 | 14 | 100.0 | 7 | 99.1 |
| England | 523.6 | 100.3 | 98.9 | 8 | 101.0 | 7 | 99.9 |
| Scotland | 500.7 | 96.5 | 96.1 | 6 | 97.0 | 7 | 96.6 |
| N. Ireland | 96.3 | ||||||
| USA | 512.4 | 98.4 | 97.5 | 16 | 98.0 | 11 | 97.7 |
| Uruguay | 442.2 | 86.7 | 89.1 | 6 | 96.0 | 2 | 90.8 |
| Uzbekistan | (79.6) | ||||||
| Vanuatu | (84.0) | ||||||
| Venezuela | 357.3 | 72.6 | 78.9 | 1 | 84.0 | 6 | 83.3 |
| Vietnam | 94.0 | 3 | 94.0 | ||||
| Yemen | 239.2 | 52.9 | 64.7 | 1 | 83.0 | 6 | 80.4 |
| Zambia | 240.9 | 53.2 | 64.9 | 3 | 75.0 | 5 | 71.2 |
| Zimbabwe | 324.1 | 67.0 | 74.9 | 4 | 71.5 | 4 | 73.2 |